Planetary nebulae (PNe) are descendants of the low- to intermediate-mass stars (1-8 solar masses), which account for the absolute majority (>90%) of the stellar populations in the universe. As the only interstellar media that exist in both galaxy disk and halo, PNe are widespread emission-line objects. They are one of the few classes of celestial objects that are active in almost every part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and have proven to be ideal laboratories to study various astrophysical processes and excellent tracers of the chemistry, dynamics and stellar population of host galaxies. In this talk, I will first briefly introduce the formation and evolution of PNe and related science, demonstrating their versatility as an astrophysical tool; then I focus on the chemical and morphological studies of PNe to probe the stellar and galaxy evolution, based on our previous observations using the ground-based and space telescopes.
